For ISM Students

MANAGEMENT

INTRODUCTION

In the present context, managing has become one of the most important areas of human activities of increasing role of large and complex organisation in the society.

Because of their increasing role, the organisation has given attention on the how this organisation can be made more effectives. So this has led to the development of a new field of study known as Management. It has emerged as one of the most important disciplines of study and research.

CONCEPT OF MANAGEMENT

The study of discipline should start with its definition delineating properly its contents and characteristics, defining its scope and boundary and prescribing the objectives for which it stands. From this point of view, we can proceed only when we define management.

However, a precise a definition    of management is not so simple because the term management is used in a variety of ways.

Being a new discipline, it has drawn concepts and principles from a number of disciplines such as economics, sociology, psychology, anthropology, and statistics and so on. The result is that each group of contribution has treated management differently. 

For example, economists have treated management as a factor of production, sociologists have treated it as a class or group of persons, and practitioners have treated it as a process comprising different activities.

Naturally, all these divergent groups view the nature and scope of management from their own point of view together; it becomes difficult to define management in a comprehensive way.

DEFINITION OF MANAGEMENT

1)  According to Peter F. Drucker defines, “Management is an organ; organs can be described and defined only through their functions.”

2) According to Henry Fayol, “To manage is to forecast and plan, to organize, to compound, to co-ordinate and to control”

3) According to Harold Knoontz, “Management is the art of getting things done through and with people an informally organized group.”

4) According to F.W. Taylor, “Management is the art of knowing what you want to do and then seeing that it is done in the best and cheapest way.”

5) Dr.James Lundy, “ Management is principally a task of planning,  coordinating, motivating and controlling the efforts of others towards a specifics objectives. It involves the combining of the traditional factors of production (land, labour and capital) in an optimum manner, paying due attention, of course to the particular goals of the organisation”

6) As per J.N. Schulze, “ Management is the force which leads, guides, and directs an organisation in the accomplishment of a pre-determined  object.”

7) The American Management Association, “The art of getting things done through other people.”

8) John F. Mee, “Management is the art of securing maximum results with a minimum of efforts so as to secure maximum prosperity for the employer and employee and give the public the best possible services”

9) Louis Allan, “Management is what a manager does”

10) “Management is the process involving planning, organizing, staffing, directing, and controlling human efforts to achieve stated objectives in an organisation”.

Thus, management is the group of activities which make plans, arrange the resources and try to achieve the objectives. In other words, management is the process of planning, organizing, staffing, directing, and controlling of the operations to achieve specified objectives.

CONCEPT OF OFFICE MANAGEMENT

A brief description of how an office can be effectively organize to produce best possible outcome.

DEFINITION OF OFFICE MANAGEMENT

v  The definition of office management is the method of looking after and keeping the staff, equipment, and office safe and secure. This is one of the most general forms of management as offices and professions which include them all around the world are found almost everywhere. Offices are the most common workplaces in the 21st century as they have information about varying things from databases to research and censuses and agreement forms and licences. The variations of office work are a great many in number and all offices and office managers utilise the different sections of the office for their own specified tasks and jobs.

v  Another definition of office management can be found within the field of politics. As politicians ‘run for office’, which means that they wish to acquire a certain amount of power due to the voting of either the public or the senate etc., they have under their control a group of people who work for them to help them reach that rank in office.